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The digital euro takes a step forward

10/07/2026 22:00

Euroeconomie

Euroeconomies, Third position, Macros/Scenarios,

The digital euro takes a step forward

Il Parlamento europeo approva il quadro normativo per la CBDC: si apre la strada verso l’infrastruttura di pagamento al 2029

EU/ENG - In a plenary session held here in Strasbourg this 9th of July, the European Parliament approved the regulatory framework establishing the digital euro with a decisive majority of 416 votes in favour. This vote marks a critical juncture in the transition toward a retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and initiates the trilogue negotiations with the Council, formalising the operational perimeter of the new settlement infrastructure.

Legal Status and Distribution Model

The regulation formally classifies the digital euro as a direct liability of the European Central Bank (ECB), granting it legal tender status. Architecturally, a two-tier system has been confirmed:

Settlement Layer: Managed centrally by the Eurosystem to ensure the stability of this risk-free asset.

Distribution Layer: Delegated to regulated Payment Service Providers (PSPs), who will handle front-end interfaces and onboarding processes (KYC/AML).

 

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Safeguarding Financial Stability

To mitigate the risk of mass bank disintermediation—the migration of deposits from commercial money to central bank money—the legislation introduces stringent holding limits. These caps, calibrated for both natural and legal persons, are designed to preserve bank balance sheets and the efficacy of monetary policy transmission, in alignment with the Rulebook Development Group’s recommendations.

Privacy and Offline Interoperability

The framework incorporates privacy by design and privacy by default via zero-knowledge proofs. The infrastructure will support both online and offline transactions; for the latter, the system ensures a level of anonymity comparable to physical cash through local storage on secure elements (SE), while maintaining compatibility with standardized security protocols to prevent illicit activity.

Strategic Outlook

The adoption of this regulatory package aims to reduce infrastructure dependency on non-EU payment networks—a priority for European digital sovereignty. The upcoming negotiations with the Council will focus on calibrating compensation models for PSPs and refining technical specifications for cross-border interoperability, ahead of the projected 2029 rollout.

The vote in Strasbourg effectively elevates the digital euro from a conceptual design exercise to a binding macroeconomic variable for the European financial sector.

 

European Economic Unit @euroeconomie.it* 

*This is an analytical note from our think tank. It is not a journalistic article.

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EU/ITA - Con una maggioranza di 416 voti favorevoli, il Parlamento europeo ha approvato il 9 luglio 2026, in plenaria a Strasburgo, il regolamento che istituisce l'euro digitale, segnando un passaggio fondamentale nella transizione verso una moneta digitale di banca centrale (CBDC) di tipo retail. L'adozione del testo sancisce l'avvio del trilogo negoziale con il Consiglio, cristallizzando le specifiche tecniche e il perimetro operativo della nuova infrastruttura di regolamento.

Definizione Giuridica e Modello di Distribuzione

Il regolamento qualifica formalmente l’euro digitale come passività diretta della Banca Centrale Europea (BCE), conferendogli lo status di corso legale. Sul piano architetturale, è stato confermato un modello a due livelli (two-tier system):

Settlement Layer: Gestito centralmente dall’Eurosistema, garantisce l'assoluta stabilità del risk-free asset.

Distribution Layer: Affidato ai prestatori di servizi di pagamento (PSP) vigilati, responsabili dell'interfaccia utente (front-end) e dei processi di onboarding (KYC/AML).

Meccanismi di Protezione del Sistema Finanziario

Per mitigare il rischio di una massiccia disintermediazione bancaria — ovvero il trasferimento di depositi dalla moneta commerciale a quella di banca centrale — il legislatore ha introdotto vincoli quantitativi (holding limits) rigorosi. Tali massimali, parametrati per soggetti fisici e giuridici, sono finalizzati a preservare la stabilità dei bilanci bancari e la trasmissione della politica monetaria, in linea con le raccomandazioni del Rulebook Development Group.

Privacy e Interoperabilità Offline

Il framework approvato integra i principi di privacy by design e privacy by default attraverso l’impiego di tecnologie crittografiche a prova di conoscenza zero (zero-knowledge proofs). L’infrastruttura supporterà modalità di transazione sia online che offline; per quest’ultima, il sistema garantirà un grado di anonimato analogo al contante fisico, mediante l’archiviazione locale su secure element (SE), pur mantenendo la compatibilità con i protocolli di sicurezza standardizzati per evitare abusi.

Prospettive Strategiche

L’adozione del pacchetto normativo riduce la dipendenza infrastrutturale dai circuiti di pagamento extra-UE, un obiettivo prioritario nell’ottica della sovranità digitale europea. La fase negoziale che si apre ora con il Consiglio si concentrerà sulla calibrazione dei modelli di compensazione per i PSP e sulla definizione delle specifiche tecniche per l'interoperabilità transfrontaliera, in vista dell'implementazione operativa prevista per il 2029.

Il voto del 9 luglio nell'emiciclo di  Strasburgo trasforma l’euro digitale da esercizio di design a variabile macroeconomica cogente per l'intero settore finanziario europeo.

 

European Economic Unit @euroeconomie.it*

*Nota a cura del nostro Think tank, non è un articolo giornalistico.


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